• Many authors have described the existence

  2021-07-21

  

  Many authors have described the existence of correlation between viability and moisture content and therefore, water availability. Sabuquillo et al. (2010) demonstrated that only Penicillium oxalicum conidial formulations whose initial moisture contents ranged between 5 and 14% retained their viabil

• Asteroids can provide an abundant supply of other

  2021-07-21

  

  Asteroids can provide an abundant supply of other resources, such as carbon, nitrogen, or calcium compounds, but will only be useful once the space economy is sufficiently developed to provide economically interesting uses for them. Others, such as titanium or aluminium, also exist in asteroids, but

• The previously described endogenous patterns of

  2021-07-21

  

  The previously described endogenous patterns of IGF-1-induced kinase signaling, and resulting interaction between MAPK and PI3K, differ across neuronal sub-types. In R28 retinal neuron-like cells, IGF-1 treatment elicits prolonged activation (at least 80 min) of both PI3K and MAPK (Kong et al., 2016

• br Steroid biosynthesis br Steroid hormone metabolism in bre

  2021-07-21

  

  Steroid biosynthesis Steroid hormone metabolism in breast cancer Conclusion Steroid hormones elicit their biological actions primarily by binding to steroid receptors such as the ER, AR, PR and GR. Although classical breast cancer diagnostic panels assess the expression of the ER and PR, as

• br Discussion br Conflicts of interest

  2021-07-21

  

  Discussion Conflicts of interest Acknowledgment Introduction Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is a bone cancer arising mostly in children. In 1921, EWS was originally described as “diffuse endothelioma of bone” by Dr. James R. Ewing, an American pathologist [1]. In 1992, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint re

• br Acknowledgements The authors thank

  2021-07-21

  

  Acknowledgements The authors thank Drs. C. Klein, I. Canisso and A. Claes with assistance in obtaining tissues. Supported by the Albert G. Clay Endowment, University of Kentucky. Introduction Neoplastic cells often develop drug resistance during tumor progression or cancer treatment (Turner a

• Our results demonstrated that ET a Wnt ligand

  2021-07-21

  

  Our results demonstrated that ET-1, a Wnt ligand, stimulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. First, ET-1/ETRA binds to Frizzled family cell-surface receptors, resulting in the activation of Dvl1, a Dishevelled (DSH) family protein. Next, activated DSH inhibits the Axin, GSK-3β, and APC protein

• Most remarkably an essentially identical collagen binding mo

  2021-07-20

  

  Most remarkably, an essentially identical collagen-binding mode to DDR2 is employed by SPARC, an α-helical matricellular protein unrelated to DDR2 that also recognizes the GVMGFO motif in collagen (Giudici et al., 2008, Hohenester et al., 2008). The convergence of binding mechanisms suggests that th

• Intriguingly one E residue may serve as a molecular

  2021-07-20

  

  Intriguingly, one E2 residue may serve as a molecular ‘gate’ to allow the C-terminus of ubiquitin to access the closed E2~Ub conformations favorable for ubiquitin transfer. This residue, Asp87 in UbcH5 family members, resides on one side of the opening that leads to the active site Cys (Fig. 4D). In

• DUBs are involved in cell cycle regulation and

  2021-07-20

  

  DUBs are involved in make film. regulation and DNA damage pathways and since, in cancer and different stress conditions all the proteins which regulate cell cycle and DNA damage/repair are either up/down regulated (Singh et al., 2013, Singh et al., 2011, Kumar and de Massy, 2010, Gupta et al., 2010

• In the belief that DNA based

  2021-07-20

  

  In the belief that DNA-based nanosensors and DNA microarrays should be easier to operate, faster, more accurate and more economically viable than PCR-based techniques, an electrochemical DNA biosensor was designed for detection of G. boninense[9], [10]. This was developed based on a gold electrode m

• br Conclusions br Conflict of interest

  2021-07-20

  

  Conclusions Conflict of interest Financial disclosure Introduction In prokaryotes, six distinct autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways have been identified so far. Of these pathways, 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3-HP/4-HB) cycle is one of the recently discovered pathways [1]. The 3-

• In neurodegenerative disorders neurons are excited by

  2021-07-20

  

  In neurodegenerative disorders neurons are excited by enormous ionic flow which induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Glutamate as the main excitatory neurotransmitter, is released excessively in these diseases. Glutamate acts through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and α-amino-3-hyd

• In addition to through direct regulation of cell differentia

  2021-07-20

  

  In addition to through direct regulation of cell differentiation, DDR2 may raise the abundance of myofibroblast subsets through advancing the recruitment of its precursor cells. One such evidence is that DDR2 can regulate lung fibroblast proliferation and migration. Another possibility rests on the

• The crystal structure of the

  2021-07-20

  

  The crystal structure of the B. subtilis Maf (BSU28050) was published in 2000, and, to date, it represents the only experimental work with a purified Maf protein (Minasov et al., 2000). The structure revealed a structural fold similar to that found in ITPases and YjjX proteins, which are nucleotide

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