• A more quantitative view of kinase specificity

  2021-09-11

  

  A more quantitative view of kinase specificity suggests a continuum of phosphorylation rates for the various substrates of a particular kinase (Figure 4A). Such differences in ‘substrate quality’ can arise from variations in phosphorylation site or docking sequences and may explain why the timing or

• br Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In the pit

  2021-09-11

  

  Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In the pituitary, GnRH acts by binding to the G protein-coupled GnRHR on the cell surface of the gonadotrope, inducing interaction of the receptor with heterotrimeric G proteins and catalyzing GTP-GDP exchange on the G protein α subunit (Lambert, 200

• br Conflict of interest br CRediT

  2021-09-11

  

  Conflict of interest CRediT authorship contribution statement Magdalena Olga Ciechanowska: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - original draft. Magdalena Łapot: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology. Marek Kowalczyk: Writing - r

• Both anxiety like behavior and sucrose preference intake

  2021-09-11

  

  Both anxiety-like behavior and sucrose preference/intake were reduced in GPR40/FFAR1 KO male mice, while social behavior was normal in KO mice. These findings indicate that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is involved in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behavior in rodents. Previous studies have demo

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Our liver

  2021-09-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our liver-specific Gck (−/−) mice and another line of liver-specific mice [13] exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, both knockout mice showed decreased hepatic glycogen content and reduced Pklr and Fas gene 4E1RCat in the liver [11]. H

• Olanzapine has been reported to

  2021-09-11

  

  Olanzapine has been reported to attenuate insulin secretion, cause insulin resistance (Chintoh et al., 2008) and reduce whole body carbohydrate oxidation (Klingerman et al., 2014). However, a blunting of these effects in Gcgr−/− mice would not appear to explain the protection against olanzapine-indu

• Receptors for glucagon Gcgr GLP Glp r and GLP

  2021-09-11

  

  Receptors for glucagon (Gcgr), GLP-1 (Glp1r), and GLP-2 (Glp2r) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to class B-1 (secretin receptor-like) family of GPCRs (Harmar, 2001, Fredriksson et al., 2003). The mammalian Gcgr, Glp1r, and Glp2r genes, together with the TAPI-1 for the receptors fo

• br Conclusion br Ethics statements file br Conflict

  2021-09-11

  

  Conclusion Ethics statements file Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (Nos. 2011-0030074 and 2018R1D1A3B07050361) and Sookmyung Women’s University Specialization Pro

• Deferasirox Three main transport systems are involved in sol

  2021-09-11

  

  Three main transport systems are involved in solute loss and red cell dehydration (summarised in Fig. 1: Lew and Bookchin, 2005): the deoxygenation-induced cation conductance (sometimes termed Psickle), the Ca-activated K+ channel (or Gardos channel) and the KCl cotransporter (KCC). Psickle is activ

• br Conclusions There are a number of

  2021-09-11

  

  Conclusions There are a number of factors that affect the transit of solutes through gap junction channels. Fig. 4 provides a simplified illustration of those factors. First is the cytoplasmic vestibule through which all permeable solutes must pass to gain access to the pore. In an equivalent cir

• br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction br

  2021-09-11

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Gap junction assembly Induced disassembly of gap junctions The regulation of connexin and gap junction turnover are still not well understood. This is, in part, due to the fact that while the overall turnover of connexin molecules is fairly con

• Cytokines and hormones influence both gap junctions and

  2021-09-11

  

  Cytokines and hormones influence both gap junctions [106] and endocrine activity in the pituitary [3]. Long-term treatment (2 h) with the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) transiently increases Cx43 expression and cell coupling in TtT/GF VX-702 [10

• br FPRs regulate anti microbial responses The classic eviden

  2021-09-10

  

  FPRs regulate anti-microbial responses The classic evidence supporting FPR as an anti-microbial receptor is that bacteria are the major biological source of chemotactic formyl peptides, fMLF binds to FPR and fMLF activates chemotactic and anti-microbial responses in neutrophils 2., 3.. Recently,

• Septic shock a condition where endothelium derived substance

  2021-09-10

  

  Septic shock, a condition where endothelium-derived substances most likely play an important role, is often accompanied by cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension and impaired oxygen utilisation with systemic acidosis (Vincent, 1998). Experimental endotoxaemia shows a simil

• All the compounds and were assayed for

  2021-09-10

  

  All the compounds –, , , –, , – and – were assayed for their potential cytotoxicity at a single dose of 10 µM on Huh7 cells. Interestingly, all compounds proved to be non toxic, with the exception of and which exhibited high cellular toxicity and therefore were excluded from further experiments (a

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