• An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are t

  2021-11-17

  

  An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are the main glucose mobilizing factors [28], [29]. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human islet cells suggests the expression of Ffar1 not only in β-cells but also in α-cells [30]. Moreover, analysis of rat α-cells indicates that FFAR1 exp

• SGLT inhibitors have been accepted as a new class

  2021-11-17

  

  SGLT-2 inhibitors have been accepted as a new class of antidiabetic agent (Kurosaki and Ogasawara, 2013). They limit renal glucose reabsorption and promote urinary excretion of glucose, thereby reducing plasma glucose levels (de Leeuw and de Boer, 2016, Jojima et al., 2016, Pérez López et al., 2010,

• During the tests in vitro SHP showed the beneficial

  2021-11-17

  

  During the tests in vitro, SHP289-04 showed the beneficial effect on both two important aspects. In human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2, it was found to improve glucose consumption significantly. Otherwise, in pancreas cell line NIT1, it could only promote insulin secretion significantly at high g

• br Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated b

  2021-11-17

  

  Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Although insulin produced by β ambroxol hydrochloride is the blood glucose-lowering hormone, glucagon secreted from α cells acts as the major counter-r

• Nicastrin is heavily glycosylated contributing KDa to the mo

  2021-11-17

  

  Nicastrin is heavily glycosylated, contributing 40–70KDa to the molecular weight of human γ-secretase. Among the 16 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites in the ECD, 11 have been unambiguously identified. The glycans appear to mostly stabilize the local structure, thus contributing to the folding a

• Based on the previous report

  2021-11-17

  

  Based on the previous report that FXR regulated PEPCK indirectly [20], we speculated that FXR may regulate gluconeogenesis by regulating some key transcription factors associated with gluconeogenesis. Finally, by using HS218 as a probe, we found that FXR binds to PGC-1α promoter and directly regulat

• The investigation in vitro revealed that aldolase

  2021-11-17

  

  The investigation in vitro revealed that aldolase, as well as FBPase, has affinity to α-actinin, one of the structural protein of the Z-line (Rakus et al., 2003a, Mamczur et al., 2005). Therefore, the existence of in vivo heterologous complex, consisting of aldolase, FBPase and α-actinin has been po

• During the activation of the coagulation cascade factor

  2021-11-17

  

  During the activation of the coagulation cascade, factor Xa (FXa) forms a complex with activated factor V and calcium secretase signaling on the surface of platelet membrane (so called prothrombinase complex) and converts prothrombin to thrombin [5], [6]. Selective FXa inhibitors do not directly inh

• Introduction of a chloropyridine group onto the fluoro deriv

  2021-11-17

  

  Introduction of a chloropyridine group onto the fluoro derivative (→) leads to a similarly potent compound that exhibits a lower /, and as was observed with (), was rapidly cleared. However, the high clearance of () did not prevent the increase in the concentrations of FAAs even as its plasma levels

• PKC s effect on quantal size may

  2021-11-17

  

  PKC’s effect on quantal size may involve regulation of endocytotic protein components responsible for mediating kiss-and-run exocytosis. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that canonical endocytotic proteins—dynamin, amphiphysin, syndapin, and others—may play a role in modulating fusion

• While IN inhibitors are a relatively new addition to

  2021-11-17

  

  While IN inhibitors are a relatively new addition to the clinician's palette of drugs to formulate HAART regimes, resistance to both INSTIs and LEDGINs has been observed. For example, even within Australia where it is estimated that 25,313 people are currently living with HIV and the infection rate

• br Results br Discussion A key step in

  2021-11-17

  

  Results Discussion A key step in the regulation of gene deoxythymidine is the methylation on H3K4, which is added by the multi-component MLL/COMPASS-like histone methyltransferases. Many studies have shown the requirement of shared core subunits for optimal methylation activity of catalytic SE

• Although HK localizes mainly to either

  2021-11-17

  

  Although HK localizes mainly to either the cytosol or mitochondria [29], [30], [31] and cardioprotection is associated with increased mitochondrial HK binding, some studies have identified a component of HK located in intracellular vesicles within the cardiomyocyte [48], [61], supporting older data

• Among the HER mutations reported in this study

  2021-11-17

  

  Among the HER2 mutations reported in this study, the JMD mutant R678Q is the third most recurrent HER2 mutation. Basic residues (such as arginine) play an important role in anchoring TMD helices of single transmembrane proteins to the bilayer (Gleason et al., 2013, Hristova and Wimley, 2011, Kim et 

• Recently it has been found that treatment

  2021-11-17

  

  Recently, it has been found that treatment of human phagocytic actin inhibitor or microvascular endothelial cells with NO donors inhibited the O2− generating capacity of NADPH oxidase [[8], [9], [10], [11]], which may involve down-regulation or S‑nitrosylation of the p47phox subunit (a cytosolic su

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